With reference to Bhupen Hazarika and the Assam Agitation/ULFA movement, consider the following statements: I. Hazarika’s songs in the 1980s critiqued both militancy and governmental indifference. II. He openly supported ULFA’s armed struggle. III. The Assam Accord of 1985 was a turning point that shaped his artistic responses. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

The correct answer is Option 1 In News During Bhupen Hazarika’s centenary (2026), his role during the turbulent 1980s in Assam has been remembered. At that time, the rise of ULFA and the Assam Movement brought mass upheaval. Hazarika’s music became a medium of collective conscience — he neither glorified militancy nor sided blindly with state repression. Instead, he spoke of reconciliation and peace, giving the Assamese people a “voice” in their struggle for dignity and security. Key Points Hazarika’s songs in the 1980s highlighted the twin crises — violence from insurgent groups and state neglect. He represented the common man’s pain, balancing between calls for justice and rejection of violence. Hence, Statement I is correct. He never supported ULFA’s armed insurgency. In fact, he expressed disillusionment with its continued violence and often pleaded for peace through his lyrics. Hence, Statement II is incorrect. The Assam Accord (1985), which attempted to resolve issues of illegal migration and identity, influenced his artistic responses, as his songs became symbols of people’s aspirations and struggles for peace. Hence, Statement III is correct. Additional Information ULFA (United Liberation Front of Asom): Formed in 1979, demanding Assam’s sovereignty; engaged in armed struggle, extortion, and violence. Assam Accord (1985): Signed between Government of India, Assam Govt., and AASU; key provisions included detection and deportation of illegal migrants (with 1971 as the cut-off date). Hazarika’s role: His song “Dada ami kisu koru loi” (Brother, let us do something) symbolized the frustration of youth. Yet he opposed bloodshed and appealed for cultural solidarity. Cultural importance: His work during this period positioned him as a moral compass — advocating peace while voicing people’s grievances. Wider context: The Assam Accord’s partial implementation continues to affect Assam’s politics today, linking cultural icons like Hazarika with present debates (e.g., NRC, CAA).