Which of the following events was/were a part of the Civil Disobedience Movement? 1. Participation of a band of workers called Red Shirts in North-West Frontier Province. 2. Eastern India became the scene of a new kind of no-tax campaign that refused to pay the chowkidara tax. 3. Agitation against Cunningham Circular in Assam and forced parents, guardians and students, to furnish assurances of good behaviour. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3 . Key Points On 23 April, the arrest of Congress leaders in the North-West Frontier Province led to a mass demonstration of unprecedented magnitude in Peshawar. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan had been active for several years in the area, and it was his mass work that lay behind the formation of the band of non-violent revolutionaries, the Khudai Khidmatgars, popularly known as the Red Shirts who were to play an extremely active role in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Eastern India became the scene of a new kind of no-tax campaign that refused to pay the chowkidar tax. Chowkidars, paid out of the tax levied especially on the villages , were guards who supplemented the small police force in the rural areas in this region. Hence, statement 2 is correct. During the Civil disobedience Movement, in Assam, a powerful agitation was organised against the infamous ‘Cunningham circular’. Cunningham circular forced parents, guardians and students to furnish assurances of good behaviour. Students were also prohibited from participating in political activities associated with the freedom movement. Hence, statement 3 is correct.​ Additional Information Eastern India became the scene of a new kind of no-tax campaign that refused to pay the chowkidar tax. Chowkidars, paid out of the tax levied especially on the villages, were guards who supplemented the small police force in the rural areas in this region. They were particularly hated because they acted as spies for the Government and often also as retainers for the local landlords. The movement against this tax and calling for the resignation of Chowkidars , and of the influential members of chowkidari panchayats who appointed the Chowkidars, first started in Bihar in May itself, as salt agitation had not much scope due to the land-locked nature of the province. In the Monghyr, Saran and Bhagalpur districts, for example, the tax was refused, Chowkidars induced to resign , and social boycott used against those who resisted. The Government retaliated by confiscation of property worth hundreds and thousands in lieu of a few rupees of tax, and by beatings and torture. On 23 April, the arrest of Congress leaders in the North-West Frontier Province led to a mass demonstration of unprecedented magnitude in Peshawar. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan had been active for several years in the area, and it was his mass work that lay behind the formation of the band of non-violent revolutionaries, the Khudai Khidmatgars, popularly known as the Red Shirts who were to play an extremely active role in the Civil Disobedience Movement. The atmosphere created by their political work contributed to the mass upsurge in Peshawar during which the city was virtually in the hands of the crowd for more than a week. The Peshawar demonstrations are significant because it was here that the soldiers of the Garhwali regiment s refused to fire on the unarmed crowd.