Under which of the following acts, plantation workers in Assam were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission during British India?

The correct answer is Inland Emigration Act . Key Points The Inland Emigration Act of 1859 was enacted during British rule in India to regulate the movement of plantation laborers, particularly in Assam. Under this act, plantation workers were restricted from leaving the tea estates without prior permission from the estate owners or managers. The act was designed to ensure a continuous and captive labor supply for the tea plantations, which were a significant source of revenue for the British Empire. This legislation imposed severe restrictions on the freedom of movement of workers, essentially binding them to the tea estates where they were employed. The conditions of workers under this act were often exploitative, with poor wages, harsh working conditions, and limited rights for the laborers. Additional Information Background of Tea Plantations in Assam : Tea cultivation in Assam began in the early 19th century and became a major industry under British rule. Plantation laborers were primarily recruited from tribal and marginalized communities across India. Impact of the Inland Emigration Act : The act created a system of indentured labor , where workers were bound to their employers through contracts. It led to widespread exploitation of workers, including long working hours, poor living conditions, and lack of basic rights. Reforms and Workers' Struggles : Over time, labor movements and social reforms brought attention to the plight of plantation workers. The post-independence period saw significant efforts to improve labor rights and working conditions in plantations. Repeal of the Act : The Inland Emigration Act was eventually repealed in independent India, and new labor laws were introduced to protect workers' rights. These changes reflected the growing recognition of the need for fair labor practices and social justice.