Under a wildlife exchange pact signed in January 2026, which state will send one-horned rhinos and water buffaloes to Madhya Pradesh?

The correct answer is Assam . Key Points Assam is home to the famous one-horned rhinoceros and is known for its rich biodiversity, especially in protected areas such as Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park . The wildlife exchange pact signed in January 2026 aims to promote conservation efforts and enhance the genetic diversity of species in Madhya Pradesh. One-horned rhinos and water buffaloes are flagship species of Assam, with the state taking significant steps for their conservation through anti-poaching measures and habitat protection. The translocation of these species to Madhya Pradesh aligns with India’s commitment to wildlife conservation and the reintroduction of species to suitable habitats. This move is part of a broader effort to restore ecosystems and promote the growth of endangered species in regions where they were historically found. Additional Information One-horned rhinoceros: The Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) , also known as the one-horned rhinoceros, is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List . India is home to more than 2,600 one-horned rhinos , with Assam’s Kaziranga National Park hosting the majority of the population. These rhinos were once widely distributed across the northern Indian subcontinent but are now restricted to a few protected areas. They are herbivores , feeding on grasses, leaves, and aquatic plants, and play a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem of their habitats. Water buffalo: The wild water buffalo ( Bubalus arnee ) is also classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List , with a significant population in Assam. They are known for their importance in agriculture as well as their ability to survive in swampy and grassland areas. Assam’s Manas National Park is a critical habitat for wild water buffaloes, ensuring their protection and survival. Conservation in Assam: Assam has several protected areas , including Kaziranga National Park , Manas National Park , and Orang National Park , which are essential for the conservation of one-horned rhinos, water buffaloes, and other species. Anti-poaching measures, eco-tourism, and community involvement have been instrumental in protecting wildlife in the region. Madhya Pradesh’s biodiversity: Madhya Pradesh is often referred to as the “Tiger State” of India, with a large number of tiger reserves such as Kanha, Bandhavgarh, and Pench. It has a wide variety of flora and fauna, and the introduction of rhinos and water buffaloes will further enhance the state’s biodiversity. This initiative will support the development of new ecosystems , ensuring balance and sustainability. Wildlife translocation projects in India: India has successfully conducted wildlife translocation projects in the past, such as the reintroduction of tigers in Panna National Park and cheetahs in Kuno National Park. These efforts are part of India’s broader wildlife conservation strategy to ensure the survival of endangered species and restore ecological balance.