Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. Nestled between the snow-clad Himalayas and the vast plains of India, the Brahmaputra River is one of Asia’s most magnificent and life-sustaining waterways. Originating from the Angsi Glacier in Tibet, it journeys across rugged mountains, deep valleys, and fertile plains as it travels through China, India, and Bangladesh before merging gracefully with the Ganges and emptying into the Bay of Bengal. In India, the river nourishes the fertile lands of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, supporting agriculture, fishing, and riverine transport that sustain millions of livelihoods. Its annual floods, though destructive at times, replenish the soil, recharge groundwater, and sustain an extraordinary range of flora and fauna. The Brahmaputra is also deeply woven into the cultural, spiritual, and emotional life of the people. Many festivals, legends, and folk songs of Assam celebrate its grandeur, generosity, and unpredictable power. Today, however, it faces growing challenges from climate change, deforestation, pollution, and unplanned development that threaten its fragile ecological balance. Yet, despite these pressures, the river continues to symbolize resilience, renewal, and continuity, reminding humanity of the delicate bond between nature and civilization. The story of the Brahmaputra is not merely about geography; it is a timeless lesson in coexistence, harmony, and respect for nature’s eternal rhythm. What is one of the key benefits of the river’s annual floods?

Question

Examese Editorial Team · Accepted Answer

It increases soil fertility. The correct answer is Option 1 . Key Points The passage explicitly states that while the annual floods of the Brahmaputra River can be destructive, they play a vital role in natural cycles by replenishing the soil . This replenishment occurs through the deposition of nutrient-rich silt and alluvium across the floodplains, which directly increases soil fertility . Enhanced fertility is essential for maintaining the agricultural productivity of regions like Assam and Arunachal Pradesh , supporting millions of livelihoods. Additionally, these floods serve the critical function of recharging groundwater levels and sustaining an extraordinary range of flora and fauna . Additional Information The Brahmaputra , known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet , originates from the Angsi Glacier and is one of the largest rivers in the world by discharge. Desertification: This refers to fertile land becoming desert. Since the river provides massive amounts of water and sediment, it prevents rather than causes desertification. Aquatic life: The text mentions the river sustains flora and fauna; floods are often necessary for the breeding cycles of many fish species and the health of wetlands (Beels). Forest cover: Periodic flooding is a natural requirement for riverine ecosystems and the Brahmaputra Valley grasslands, supporting vegetation growth rather than reducing it. Therefore, the correct answer is Option 1 .