Identify the ancient Indian king from the given statements: 1. He defeated Dhruvasena II of Vallabhi. 2. He confronted Pulakesin II. 3. He was initially a Shaivite, and later followed Hinayana Buddhism. 4. He annexed Assam, Kashmir, and Kalinga. 5. He prohibited animal slaughter during his reign. 6. He authored Priyadarśikā and Nagananda.

The correct answer is Harshavardhana . Key Points Harshavardhana (590–647 CE) was an Indian emperor who ruled over northern India during the early 7th century CE. He defeated Dhruvasena II Baladitya of Vallabhi and confronted the Chalukya king Pulakesin II . Harsha initially followed Shaivism but later embraced Hinayana Buddhism under the influence of Chinese traveler Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang). He expanded his empire by annexing regions like Assam, Kashmir, and Kalinga . Harsha is known for prohibiting animal slaughter and promoting welfare-oriented governance during his reign. He authored notable Sanskrit plays, such as Priyadarśikā , Nagananda , and Ratnavali . Additional Information Harshacharita : A biography of Harsha written by Banabhatta , his court poet, provides detailed insights into his life and administration. Kannauj Assembly : Harsha organized a grand Buddhist assembly at Kannauj, attended by scholars, including Xuanzang, to promote Buddhism. Xuanzang's Observations : The Chinese traveler documented Harsha's efficient governance, emphasis on education, and promotion of religious tolerance in his memoirs. Confrontation with Pulakesin II : Harsha attempted to expand his empire southward but was defeated by the Chalukya king Pulakesin II on the banks of the Narmada River. Capital of Harsha's Empire : Harsha initially ruled from Thanesar , but later shifted his capital to Kannauj , which became a prominent center of power during his reign.