Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R Assertion A: Environmental stress often leads to permanent migration, as observed in the movement of populations from the Sundarbans to Kolkata. Reason R: Permanent migration is primarily driven by seasonal factors or short-term environmental events such as the annual flooding in Assam. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The correct option is 'A is correct but R is not correct' . Key Points Assertion A: Environmental stress often leads to permanent migration, as observed in the movement of populations from the Sundarbans to Kolkata. This statement is correct. Permanent migration occurs when individuals or communities relocate permanently due to persistent environmental pressures. The text explicitly cites the migration of people from the Sundarbans to Kolkata as an example of permanent relocation caused by severe environmental degradation like rising sea levels. Reason R: Permanent migration is primarily driven by seasonal factors or short-term environmental events such as the annual flooding in Assam. This statement is incorrect. The description provided in Reason R defines Temporary Migration , not permanent migration. According to the text, temporary migration is driven by seasonal factors or short-term environmental events, such as the flooding in Assam. Permanent migration, by contrast, is a response to persistent and long-term environmental pressures that make a return to the original habitat impossible or unsustainable. Conclusion: Since Assertion A accurately reflects the nature of permanent migration using the Sundarbans example, and Reason R incorrectly attributes the characteristics of temporary migration to permanent migration, Assertion A is correct while Reason R is false.