Consider the following statements regarding the folk music and festivals of India: I. Bihu songs are the most distinctive folk songs of Assam, often performed with instruments like the gogona and toka. II. Bhuta songs are ritualistic folk songs from Kerala rooted in superstitions and performed to send away evil spirits. III. Teej songs are traditional folk songs of Rajasthan, primarily sung in the month of January to mark the winter harvest. Which of the statements given above are correct?

The correct answer is Only I and II India possesses a rich heritage of folk music and festivals that vary significantly across different states, reflecting local traditions, agricultural cycles, and religious beliefs. Key Points Only I and II Bihu Songs: These are the most famous folk songs of Assam . They are based on themes like the Assamese New Year, daily life of farmers, and love. Traditional instruments used include the dhol , mohor singor pepe (horn pipe), gogona (bamboo jaw harp), and toka (bamboo clapper). Bhuta Songs: Rooted in the state of Kerala , these songs are part of rituals performed by certain communities to drive away evil spirits and ghosts. The music is characterized by a piercing and eerie quality, accompanied by vigorous dancing. Additional Information Only II and III, Only I and III, and I, II, and III Teej Songs: These are associated with Rajasthan but are NOT sung in January for the winter harvest. Teej is celebrated in the Shraavana month (July/August) during the monsoon. The songs celebrate the union of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati, the greenery of nature, and the peacock dance. Qawwali: Though not in the statements, it is an important Indian folk/devotional form brought from Persia in the 13th century, popularized by Amir Khusro . Important Points Assam celebrates three types of Bihu: Bohag Bihu (April - New Year), Magh Bihu (January - Harvest), and Kati Bihu (October/November - Sowing). The instruments used in Bihu music, like the toka and gogona , are almost exclusively made of bamboo, reflecting the local ecology of Assam.