Consider the following statements about Rhynchostylis retusa (Foxtail orchid) : 1. It is an epiphytic orchid. 2. The species is endemic to North-east India. 3. It is the State flower of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

The correct answer is 1 and 3 . Key Points Rhynchostylis retusa is a vigorous epiphytic orchid characterized by its long, drooping inflorescence resembling a brush or a tail, which is why it is commonly known as the Foxtail Orchid . As an epiphyte, it grows on other plants for physical support while absorbing moisture and nutrients from the air and rain. Hence, statement 1 is correct. This species is not restricted to North-east India ; it has a vast geographical distribution across South and Southeast Asia, including countries like Sri Lanka , Thailand , Malaysia , Indonesia , Vietnam , and the Philippines . Within India, it is also found in the Western Ghats and the Himalayan foothills . Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. The Foxtail Orchid holds significant cultural and symbolic value in the North-eastern region of India. It is officially recognized as the State flower of both Arunachal Pradesh and Assam . Hence, statement 3 is correct. Additional Information Cultural Significance and Characteristics: In Assam , it is known as Kopou Phul and is an integral part of the Rongali Bihu festival, where female dancers wear the blossoms in their hair. The plant produces cylindrical, dense flowers that are typically white with pink or purple spots and bloom during the pre-monsoon season. Conservation: Due to its popularity in the horticultural trade and habitat loss, it is listed under Appendix II of CITES to regulate international trade and ensure its survival in the wild. Medicinal Uses: In various traditional systems, extracts from the plant are used to treat ailments like asthma , skin diseases, and joint pains .